Sarah Raff, 30-something, cooks by color, mix and textures. Realizing she wasn’t going to make it as a painter using her art degree, Sarah spent ten years running a B&B and catering business in Quebec. Sarah got into cooking on boats after taking care of a friend who died of Lou Gehrig’s disease at 52. Having been privy to her friend’s regrets spurred Sarah into making her own list of what she wanted to do before she died. Because she’s always been fascinated with tall ships, she applied for an onboard chef position; her catering experience was all she needed. She was a quick learner and started on tall ships. Her first boat had a diesel stove that had to be started at 4:30 am for coffee by 7:00 am. Her second boat had a diesel stove also, and they kept running all the time to heat the boat. Sarah took advantage of the primitive arrangements by keeping a huge bucket of water ready to boil for soup or anything else. Now she works on 139-foot motor yachts with walk-in freezers, windows, air conditioning, and heat. What was great about those older ships was what she learned about preserving foods. When she worked for SEA (Sea Education Association) out of Woods Hole, they would go out for months at a time, so she dipped eggs in oil, wax or Crisco to keep them fresh without refrigeration and wrapped lettuce in newspaper. “Eggs are porous,” she says, “so you have to seal the shells so they don’t absorb what’s around them.” Sarah loves to cook with fresh local vegetables.

Kerry McCormick, 30, is an anthropology major turned private yacht chef. She fell in love with boating while working at the Maritime Museum in Bermuda. She grew up loving to cook so she’s integrated the two and found herself cooking on boats. Then Kerry took time off to work in some top name restaurants in Boston, which enabled her to take cooking classes in her spare time. She associates food and cooking with “happy memories.” Her favorite type of cooking is French-Asian fusion with lots of sauces, Asian spices and fish. Depending on where she is, she cooks with whatever’s local. 

Leah Jeffrey’s career began somewhat more humbly cooking for the crew of a shipbuilding company in Australia. That was thirteen years ago. Now in her 30’s, she enjoys cooking on private yachts in countries all around the world. Basically self-taught, she specializes in Thai-food and says she prefers Asian cuisine because that’s what she likes to eat. Like the other chefs she, too, prefers to hand-select her fruits and vegetables at the best local places.

A typical day for these four starts at 5:30 am preparing a breakfast of fruit, baked scones, croissants, muffins, and yogurt or cereal; then making breakfasts to order, and keeping hot coffee and tea on the table. Once breakfast is over, the chefs start getting lunch  (a two or three-course meal) ready to serve around 12:30 or 1:00 pm. Once lunch is over they’re prepping for dinner, which is served anytime after 6:00 pm, starting with appetizers and cocktails. Dinner is a three-to-five-course meal, including dessert, which can be particularly challenging since three of these four chefs don’t like to bake.

In addition to chef’s duties, Leah is also responsible for cleaning the guests’ cabins while they’re eating breakfast. If the boat sets sail anytime after breakfast, she helps put away the lines, and fenders. Once they’ve stopped she helps with the lines, or loads the tenders or kayaks, then sets up for lunch. If no guests are on board, then it is her responsibility to strip the cabins of linens and do the washing and ironing.

Matthew doesn’t always know when he gets up in the morning if he’s setting sail for lunch, dinner or both. Either way, his responsibility is for cooking and cleaning the galley only. For relaxation, he looks forward to washing the dishes.

Kerry uses her crew as guinea pigs and tries out new recipes on them. Sarah has picky eaters in her crew –some don’t like vegetables and some don’t eat meat or eat only chicken. She feels the crew is more difficult to cook for than the owners- she must prepare six different meals for the crew, compared to only one for the owners.

If you are still interested in applying for this position after reading these job descriptions, please keep in mind this one final qualification as it was so well put by the youngest professional interviewed here:

“You’ve got to keep your ego and temper out of the boat or else you won’t last, no matter how good you are at cooking.”

I recently interviewed Jim Tatosky at Northeast Yacht Brokerage and together we came up with these

7 Top Tips to Selling Your Boat:

1. 1. Use a broker
   The best way to sell your boat is through a broker – they can qualify the buyer, do all the running around for you, ie: place the ads, qualify the buyer, show your boat, etc. A broker truly earns their commission. If you decide to sell your boat privately, you’ll have to scour magazines looking for names and contact information to place ads then contact magazines and possibly run around putting up signs. A broker has access to other brokers and better websites to place ads.

• 2. Declutter your boat
  A clean boat sells. Stay interested in your boat as well. Once you start losing interest in your boat because you’re selling it, the buyer picks up on this. It starts to show because things start going on the boat and nobody fixes them. Don’t expect buyers to fix things either. If something breaks or looks ratty, you need to repair or replace it. This shows the potential buyer your boat is loved and cared for. That energy rubs off onto the new buyer. Your engine room must be clean – no oil, grease or paint chipped parts. This is the biggest killer in any deal to sell your boat. It’s like walking into a new home and someone left a messy, moldy, grungy mess in the bathroom. Same idea. It’s disgusting. Also, clean the bilge, hatch and rain catch as well as clear outboard drains.

• 3. Determine your price
  A broker has access to various sites, books such as ABUS, BOK, and Powerboat Guides, Search the internet for similar boats with similar features. Find the same model year as your boat and add 10% difference in price. The biggest depreciation in a boat is the first three years.

• 4. Take lots of photos
  Exterior photos should be of the port, transom, starboard, stern and bow. Interior photos should be of the electronics, forward cabin, engine rooms, heads, galley, living room, etc. If the boat is out of the water, take photos of the propellers. You’ll also need photos of the helm, flybridge, companion and mate helm seats. Put yourself in the buyer’s seat and don’t take photos of anything that does not go with the sale. Also, don’t take “crime scene” photos (close-ups), take overall photos (wide-angle).

• 5. Things to put into an ad
  A full description of the boat, # hours on engine and generator, and major rebuilds. Reveal weaknesses, fresh water or raw cool, why you’re selling and how long you’ve owned the boat. Don’t mention anything you’re not willing to sell or include in the purchase.

• 6. Best time for selling a boat
  March through September with a lull in August and September. April through June, people are looking, especially for the 4th of July. November is quiet again. If at all possible, have the boat in it’s natural environment (the water) for the best show.

• 7. Additional tips to preparing your boat for sale
  Don’t use your boat once you’ve signed a P&S and/or have a deposit. Make sure you maintain insurance till you close the deal. Again, get rid of all the crud around the portholes, batteries are acide free, no mold or mildew showing anywhere. Then, take off the plastic while demonstrating your boat. Let the new potential owners feel the wind in their face.

Hillel Reshef, Port Manager

According to Hillel, the difference between Ashkelon Marina and Tel Aviv is, this marina is a very large marina that holds about 600 boats, caters to the local needs and foreign flag boats that sail in the Middle Eastern Mediterranean all crossing the canal. So, their price list and services are designed to accomodate these two different types of groups of boat owners.

Located 198nm south of Cyprus, 120 nm east Port Said; this southern gate to the Mediterranean bridges both the sea and desert together. It’s also the central spot for international rallies and regattas. Every year about 80 boats participate in a peace rally known as the East Mediterranean Yacht Rally (EMYR) which cruises from the port in Istanbul, down along Turkey’s coast to Northern Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, then Egypt. The rally starts in late April and arrives in Ashkelon the middle of June. The whole trip takes 67 days (1825 miles) and includes 27 ports (6 countries). Other rallies start in Israel and go to the Red Sea and back.

As for the marina itself, it’s a jewel for families with young children. You’ll find many liveaboards here that home (internet) school their children and it’s pet friendly. Other amenities include: showers, laundry, wi-fi, haul out, maintenance, a 100 ton travel lift and many social activities.

A new modern design in breakwaters allows water to penetrate through the breakwater to keep the water in the marina clean.

One of the things that impressed me, was the fact that all 6th graders in Ashkelon are required to spend two hours per week at the marina throughout the whole year. It’s actually mandatory in their school curiculumn and they can have voluntary courses in the afternoon as well. According to their school prinicipal, this activity has the most added value than any other class. The kids are facing values that usually are hard to find in regular normal education processes like team work, making decisions under pressure, self discipline and a whole set of values that are very important to them. This is one of the few places that they can meet these challenges. These young adults start off learning to sail an Optimist Sailboat, then go on to a larger boat that holds up to 15 people. They also learn to row, kayak, windsurf, and canoe for their “wet” activities. In bad weather, an indoor class may teach a bit of maintenance. Since this side of the Mediterranean is relatively clean, and it has some wonderful archeological sites under the water as well, the marina has a diving club and school starting as young as ages six or seven. (This is definitely something I’m putting on my list to do on my next visit to Israel.)

“We are considered amongst the cruisers as very friendly and professional marina,” says Hillel, “and we love to have foreign flag boats come over.”

The beach here is rejuvenating, great for walking, collecting rocks, shells, windsurfing or just soaking up the sun with a good book. If you are do plan on visiting Ashkelon Marina, check out their website for specific requirements before entering their port.

So, what was new at the show this year? Two big things: the Affordability Pavilion and a “Green” Boating Zone. Here you found twenty-four boats to buy for $250 a month or less with a normal down payment and terms. West Marine had a display of the latest eco-friendly products.

Three hundred plus exhibitors filled the aisles with a variety of displays. My favorite, like so many others, is climbing aboard the different boats and getting a feel for which size would be right for you, your family and friends.

The climate at the show was much warmer than last year; sales and leads were definitely up.

To see more exhibitors and demonstrations check out our videos at: latest videos

check out their site at: http://www.babysearock.com

One of the biggest hits was the “I built it myself’ contest.  “Last year we had 37 entries,” says Michele Corbeil of Wooden Boat, “this year we were turning people away, there was only room for 50 boats. This was the first year we had a waiting list.” This was set up in the Village Green.  Every boat was owner built boats and had to apply to participate. There were boats in all kinds of categories for a variety of reasons – the craftsmanship on some was incredible. You can tell who spent hours building their boats, right down to the joints and hardware used.  There were boats in all kinds of categories for a variety of reasons – the craftsmanship on some was incredible. You can tell who spent hours building their boats, right down to the joints and hardware used.

Besides looking at these boats, there were lots of other things to do for young and old alike. The Charles W. Morgan whaling ship was available if you wanted to climb the 5 story staircase to see her. Amongst the Tall Ships were the training ship Joseph Conrad built in 1882, and the Amistad. Children could build their own toy boats, for $5.00 they could get a canvas, easel, brushes and stand to paint their own memories. Knot tying was available also for ages 8 – 108 (according to the sign).

There were lots of demonstrations as well amongst the houses/cottages and shops of Mystic Seaport; Japanese Tools were grinding down tools, and iron works was teaching a student.  Inside the tent were book publishing companies, a demonstration for screws, sewing a sail, custom names on hats, etc. 

When radioing for help use ch16. You must give your boat name, color of your boat if you’re in a sailboat, where you are and number of people on board. (for number of people on board, say the actual number then pob, for ex. 3 pob)

If someone goes overboard, slow down. Have lookout person point with full hand, not just a finger. Then when you get to them, grab them up by the waist of their pants and pull up.

First Aid kit – good idea to have a set of wire cutters, just in case of fishing accident. If a hook gets stuck in you, cut the end sticking out off, then tape up remaining hook till you get to the hospital. Don’t try to remove the full hook yourself!

The current is slower but more powerful; always tie up when the current is pushing away.
Thunderstorms are local weather as are seabreezes.
Dark clouds – the higher they are, the further away they are.
Check you skin. If it’s dry, then it’s a good day for sailing.
If wind is with you, then use your paddle to go with the tide.
Remember when entering either a kayak or canoe that you are a 3 legged-stool. Put one foot, one hand, then other foot into boat to prevent falling over.

Chapter 11 – Lines and Knots

What’s the difference between a line and a rope?
You purchase rope in the store, but once it goes onto your boat, it becomes line.

There are, of course, exceptions to the rule. These are:

• bell rope – the line used to move a bell’s clapper which makes the bell ring
• bolt and foot ropes – controls the sails (occasionally sewn into a sail)
• tiller rope – once used to control the tiller on ships

There are 3 types of ropes:
wire, synthetic and natural fibers

Wire is used for rigging sailboats, almost all other ropes are made from synthetic fibers. Natural fiber ropes are rarely used today.

The synthetic ropes are:  nylon, polyester, polypropylene, shock cord.
The natural ropes are: manila, hemp, jute, cotton, flax and sisal.

There are three ways to make rope, also: braiding, laying or weaving. 

Knot tying – several workstations were setup to practice the various knots used on a boat.

We were told about this cool website that has animated knot tying. To learn more or practice click on one of the photos below:

More information about ropes, lines and knot tying will be posted shortly.

Upcoming Exam (July 6) was discussed – chapters 1,2,4,5,6, 8, 9 (pages 220-229 only), 11,12,13

last class next week – chapters 12 & 13

Class started with a question from one of the students regarding lead lines.  To determine what type of bottom there is before anchoring, put peanut butter, wax, chewing gum,etc on the bottom of the cup or weight of the lead line before dropping into water. This helps you bring up a sample of what’s on the bottom before anchoring. (See lesson 3 towards end or chapter 4 in your Basic Skills and Seamanship book if you’re following along).  As your vessel is moving forward, you come straight over the line, look down and see how far down you are. If you can’t judge, tie flags on your lead line approximately every 6 feet, then lower line into water till the weight on bottom touches.

You are the eyes and ears of local police, USCG, etc. Learn how to be vigilant by watching this new public awareness video “America’s Waterway Watch” by Thad Allen, Commandant USCG.

httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmr7YIeHdso

Next, we reviewed chapter 8: Boat Safety

make sure you brief your passengers to where everything is on the boat, in case of emergency

maintain a center of gravity – especially in small boats like kayaks, canoes, row boats, sail boats, etc.
it’s vital in a small craft for people to be distributed evenly.

When falling overboard, stay in the Help (heat escape lessening position) position. This position is when you draw your knees up into the fetal position to make your body as compact as possible. If there are more than 1 person in the water, huddle together to conserve heat and move about as little as possible.  Hopefully you have a lifejacket on.

Bring sweaters and jackets with you when you go out boating, temperatures change on a dime.

Next, we went over the signs for Hypothermia, treating and stages. If someone is hypothermic, Don’t give them a warm drink. How long someone can stay in the water before becoming hypothermic depends on the person’s body weight, how well they tolerate cold, and what they’re wearing. If you have a wool sweater on – leave it on – it will keep you warm.

When buying safety equipment you need to ask questions. Always check to make sure you’re getting what you need, not what the salesperson wants to sell you. Also, play with your new equipment to learn how to use it before an emergency situation.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide, itself, is toxic and poisoning includes the following symptoms: drowsiness, headace, dizziness, weakness, nausea, fainting, coma and if inhaling long enough – death.

To prevent this from happening, use the following techniques:

There are many places on a boat that carbon monoxide can sneak in – learn how to ventilate and do it well.

Another video -

this next video we watched was on preventing pollution in waters – aka: Good Mate Video

 over 10,000 marinas in United States
causes of pollution:
- fuel and oil
- sewerage
- maintenance
dishwashing detergent is illegal and doesn’t help whatever it is you’re using it for, except washing dishes
fill your gas tank for 90% capacity to avoid spills
store any soiled rags in a separate container until you’re on shore and can dispose of properly
in a no-discharge zone, you’re type 3 device must be locked
filters from cigarettes are toxic and nonbiodegradable

Thunderstorms and Lightning

thunderstorms come from the West, usually build up over land
notice the color of clouds, shapes, change in wind and static on radio
when you see any of these, make sure you put on your rain gear
if you’re in relatively shallow water – go into deeper water, sails down and drop anchor
ride into wind, check to make sure your boat is grounded

think of the worse that could possibly happen and prepare for it!

With the chart, we were asked to read all the comments and find the distance scale. Then use only the sides of the chart to get miles, distance and base. This is because latitude (lat) measures equal distance on either side from the equator. Longitude (lo) does not. The equator is 0° lat.

for example: if you draw a circle and a line in the center horizontally, that becomes the equator. Latitude lines go from east to west and measure angular distances both north and south of the equator. The North Pole is known as lat 90° N and the South Pole is lat 90° S. The halfway point between either pole and the equator is either lat 45° N or S.

Longitudes (aka meridians) are run from both the north and south through the earth’s poles and measure angular distances east to west of the prime meridian, which passes through Greenwich, England and is designated as 0° lo. The reason for choosing Greenwich as the prime meridian dates back to England dominating the seas when lat/los were being determined. If you go west from Greenwich one-quarter of the way around earth you are lo 90°W. If you go east instead, you are lo 90° E. Half way around earth equals 180° (east and west are same spot). This is also the approximate spot for the international date line. Both degrees of lat and lo are divided into 60 minutes and each minute is divided into 60 seconds for measurement.

When using a chart, compass and GPS system, there is another factor you need to take into account. This is known as a variation.

The magnetic North Pole is not the same as the geographic North Pole. A compass needle doesn’t point to “True” North but to the Magnetic North Pole. The difference of several hundred miles between the two is what causes the variation.

Magnetic North is either east or west of true north depending on where you are, therefore the variation is either easterly or westerly. As you go further North, the angle widens giving a larger variation. Going south decreases the variation. Therefore, when charting without a gps, you must add or subtract the variation to get your accurate lat/lo.  (note: GPS systems make the corrections for you)

Next, we were given lat/los to find specific destinations. The chart we had was for Martha’s Vineyard and Block Island:

lat 41.21.19 & long 70.50.26 – you’d be off Gay Head Fl G 4 sec Gong

lat 41.26.29 & long 70.50.13 – you’d be between Pasque1 Island and Nashiwera Island

lat 41.30.50 & long 70.50.00 – you’d be at Bell Mo (A) – safe waters

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the organization who produces these charts for both government and commercial use.

Tidbit – lightning temperature is 3000°f

Global Positioning System (GPS) – needs 3 satellite signals to give a recreational boater their current position. There are two levels of accuracy:

• one for the boaters (provides accuracy within 15 meters (49.2 ft) or less than 95% time
• one for the government

A newer system is called Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). This has land based signals which bring errors down to 8 or 9 feet.

Tidbit:  Torpedo markings on charts means stay away. If you touch one, it won’t blow up, but it will put a nice hole in your boat’s hull.

Buoys – they are all visual and there for multiple reasons. One reason is to confirm on the chart where you are, tell the coast guard if need be. But beware – you’re lookout may get bored and not be looking out for you.  There is about 30 minutes in the evening before light is gone where everything loses its color and looks grey.

Numbers on buoys are white and white light means your under way. If traveling in the fog, take out your hand compass for the charts and be quiet. Listen for the sounds and count the beeps. On the chart if you see MO (A) – you’re in safe waters and you’ll see a light flashing morse code for safety.

A must have book for distance coastal boating is:  Coast Pilot by Commerce.

Tidbit: Intracoastal waterway (ICW) starts in New Jersey.

Don’t go into swimming areas – you kill a child and your life is OVER!

Sounds – Signal System You’ve Gotta Know:

1 toot (.)   - I intend to pass you on my port side (in the US if somebody does this and you agree – then give them 1 toot back. If not, give them 5 toots)

2 toots (..) – I intend to pass you on my starboard side

3 toots (…) - I’m going backwards

5 toots (…..) - Don’t do that – it’s dangerous

Using horns in restricted visibility –

you may hear a long blast every 2 minutes, this means power vessel is under way

two blasts every 2 minutes, means power vessel underway but not moving (this boat is not connected to the land and not making headway either)

a dash and 2 dots is a vessel under command or towing – sounds like a D

a dash and 3 dots is a vessel under command and being towed – sounds like a B

a dash and 4 dots is a pilot vessel that’s towing

2 dashes and 4 dots is a pilot vessel that’s stopped (possibly tied up to another boat)

blast horn constantly if stuck in the water

Finally, 4 toots (….) - International rule for backing up – like in Ft. Lauderdale and North River

homework:  chapters 8 and 9 

The red (Nun) markers have even numbers on them and should be on your Right (starboard) when coming into the channel. This is also sometimes known as Red Right Return.
The green (Can) markers have odd numbers on them and should be on your Left (port) when coming into the channel. The numbers should also be going up as you enter back into the channel. As you follow your chart, you will also see these markers clearly labeled.
The green and red striped marker (with green on top) means this is preferred channel to starboard.
A black-topped white buoy (not shown) means pass to the north or east of buoy. A red-topped white buoy (not shown) means pass to the south or west of buoy.
The last two photos here show the actual buoy tender used to put the atons into the water (or remove them) and the weight used to keep them down.

The last thing we did before heading back inside was to watch a few of the boats and discussed the lights being used. Did you know that if the light up top near the captain is green, then you have the right of way to pass? But, if it’s red, don’t even think about it. They basically have the same meaning as when you drive a car.

And before I forget (2 things) 

1. the numbering and colors on the atons mentioned above only work in countries that drive on the right side of the road. So, in countries like the UK where they drive on the left, the markers work the same way in their waters.
2. Nevertie your boat up to any aton

Now back to the whiteboard.

International and Inland Rules -

Rule number 1 – International Rules apply to all vessels in the oceans, rivers and bays
                                  Inland Rules apply to waters in the United States

Here’s a great neumonic for remembering who has the right of way.

Our new reels catch fish so purchase some -

Our               – overtaken
New              - not under command
Reels            – restricted
Catch            – constrained by draft
Fish               – net, trawlers & the like (once done fishing you’re considered a powerboater)
So                   – sail  (only have right of way if not any of above capacity and not under power)
Purchase     – power
Some            – seaplane

Depending on the situation you’re in or the work you’re doing (top 5 in list above), then you are either under sail, power or a seaplane.
LNG’s, tugs and barges all have right of way. If these vessels have to stop for any unexpected reason, they will continue moving for 1.5 miles before coming to a complete stop so stay out of their way. Also, there is a 1,000 mile rule around any USCG boats.

You’re responsible for your own wake.

Radio -

Channel (Ch) 13 is for captain-to-captain talk
Ch16 – do not chatter on this one 
Ch81A is for Coast Guard only – don’t talk on this
If you’re coming to a bridge that needs to be opened, hail 13 – call the bridge person “Captain” then offer them some cookies, etc. (bribery works), otherwise you’ll be sitting for a bit.

Overnights – you should have 2 anchors, signaling devices, radio, flares, flags, etc.
Do not risk your lives for anybody or anything!

Man overboard/pre-trip checks
if a person is in the water the first thing you need to do is yell man overboard port or starboard. If you’re on a powerboat, this helps the captain know to turn the opposite screw. 
Next, keeping your eye on this person use your full hand to point in the right direction (not your finger).
Then, throw a type IV  PFD (personal flotation device) out to them (usually a ring or square cushion)

What to tell your guests when you go out on your boat.
 - how the toilet works if you have one on board
 - where the fire extinguishers are and how to use them
 - where the life jackets are and have them fit one to their body (make sure they’re out of the cellophane)
 - where the throw ring is
 - show them the chart
 - show them how to take the helm
All these things help you look confident, show your guests that you know what you’re doing, which in turn makes your guests feel comfortable being on the boat with you. G-d forbid something happens to you, your guests need to know how to take over.

Departing and returning to a dock -
If you’re in a power boat, you’ll find half the time it’s best to leave the dock with the stern. To do this, put the fender close to the bow, push on it, then backup.  If you have someone on board with you, have them position the fender alongside the bow so you can back up.
Conversely, it’s better to back in.

Anchoring -
It’s best to have 2 anchors on your boat, especially if you’re going to do overnights. You’ll also need a chain on each anchor. The chain’s purpose is to allow your line to have scope (shock absorber). The length depends on the deepest water that you plan to be in then times 7 (aka scope of 7:1). So if you will be staying in 20-ft. water, you’ll need an anchor that’s 140-ft. 

Before you drop anchor, you’ll need to check the bottom and its depth. If you can’t see the bottom, make sure you check it on your chart. Then check to make sure the rode is scurely tied to the boat, but not to the side or only the stern of your boat.  Once  you drop anchor, back up to let the rode out, then come back in half way. This gives you a more secure (taut) line and keeps you from drifting too much. Also, note what’s around you (church, restaurant, etc). This will help guide you. If your surroundings change, then you have a problem with your anchoring.

Towing a Skier -
You, as the captain, always need to be watching in front and back.

Adverse Weather -
Winds coming in from the Northwest are highs, from Southwest are storms (at least here in New England).
High pressure – the air goes outward, low pressure – the air goes inward. A front is in between a high and low.
Cold air comes under warm air. It condenses moisture, then causes thunderstorms. So watch the clouds.
Little wisps are start of arriving fronts. They also look like fingers of ice and are known as the cirrus clouds.
Stratta clouds are flat clouds that go across the sky.
Clouds that clump or look like balls are either rain or snow.
A seabreeze rises 35k feet and clouds look like an anvil. It sucks wind from every direction. Then the friction causes thunder and lightning, which in turns gives the sheets of rain.
When this happens, make sure everybody on your boat puts on their life jackets, gets below (if possible). The one thing you don’t want to do is get cold and goopy wet. If you’re wearing glasses, take them off (you can’t see with them anyways). On a sailboat? Heave-to.
If a hurricane is approaching and you can’t stop, then go around (peel off) and get yourself to the 8PM marker.
In Boston? Ch3 has weather forecast. Cape Cod? Ch2. Everywhere else – www.sailcast.com

That’s it! we’ve covered a lot here. Any questions, just ask and I’ll do my best to get you an answer. Homework is read chapter 6 & 7.